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In linguistics, immediate constituent analysis or IC analysis is a method of sentence analysis that was first mentioned by Leonard Bloomfield〔Concerning Bloomfield's understanding of IC analysis, see Bloomfield (1933:161).〕 and developed further by Rulon Wells.〔Concerning Well's comprehensive discussion of IC analysis, see Wells (1947).〕 The process reached a full blown strategy for analyzing sentence structure in the early works of Noam Chomsky.〔For Chomsky's early understanding of immediate constituents, see Chomsky (1957).〕 The practice is now widespread. Most tree structures employed to represent the syntactic structure of sentences are products of some form of IC-analysis. The process and result of IC-analysis can, however, vary greatly based upon whether one chooses the constituency relation of phrase structure grammars (= constituency grammars) or the dependency relation of dependency grammars as the underlying principle that organizes constituents into hierarchical structures. ==IC-analysis in phrase structure grammars== Given a phrase structure grammar (= constituency grammar), IC-analysis divides up a sentence into major parts or immediate constituents, and these constituents are in turn divided into further immediate constituents.〔The basic concept of immediate constituents is widely employed in phrase structure grammars. See for instance Akmajian and Heny (1980:64), Chisholm (1981:59), Culicover (1982:21), Huddleston (1988:7), Haegeman and Guéron (1999:51).〕 The process continues until irreducible constituents are reached, i.e., until each constituent consists of only a word or a meaningful part of a word. The end result of IC-analysis is often presented in a visual diagrammatic form that reveals the hierarchical immediate constituent structure of the sentence at hand. These diagrams are usually trees. For example: ::Bildbeschriftung hier hinzufügen This tree illustrates the manner in which the entire sentence is divided first into the two immediate constituents ''this tree'' and ''illustrates IC-analysis according to the constituency relation''; these two constituents are further divided into the immediate constituents ''this'' and ''tree'', and ''illustrates IC-analysis'' and ''according to the constituency relation''; and so on. An important aspect of IC-analysis in phrase structure grammars is that each individual word is a constituent by definition. The process of IC-analysis always ends when the smallest constituents are reached, which are often words (although the analysis can also be extended into the words to acknowledge the manner in which words are structured). The process is, however, much different in dependency grammars, since many individual words do not end up as constituents in dependency grammars. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Immediate constituent analysis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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